As a key factor threatening the security of the supply chain, the import supply chain uncertainty restricts the high-quality development of imports. This paper takes the list of products with multiple rounds of import tariffs imposed by countries around the world in 2018~2019 as a“quasi-natural experiment”, and relies on the data of transnational products from 2012 to 2022 to explore the impact of tariffs imposed by countries around the world on the domestic import supply chain uncertainty, and investigates the reasons. The findings are as follows: (1) the tariff increase exacerbates the import supply chain uncertainty, and the higher the tariff rate, the greater the impact on the import supply chain uncertainty; (2) on the one hand, the global trade frictions represented by the imposition of tariffs aggravate the economic uncertainty of countries around the world; on the other hand, the global trade frictions also reconstruct the import structure of products of various countries in different markets with economic uncertainty, and increase the market concentration of import sources with high economic uncertainty, which are two important reasons for the increase of import supply chain uncertainty; (3) the increased import supply chain uncertainty exacerbates the import volatility of various countries, having a negative impact on the scale of product imports and the quality of imported products, and affecting the high-quality development of imports. This study provides a scientific basis for a comprehensive and profound understanding of the impact of global trade frictions and has important significance for warning countries to implement trade protection measures carefully.