The US Chips and Science Act of 2022 significantly increases financial funding for the US semiconductor industry and scientific research, and also sets barriers to international trade with the semiconductor industry in“countries of concern”such as China, including restrictive provisions such as“guardian provisions”, and systematically constructs restrictive policy measures for the semiconductor industry in“countries of concern”with semiconductor technology export control and foreign investment security review measures. In the context of promoting the modernization of Chinese-style foreign legal system, in order to defend and deepen the global multilateral free trade system based on international law, the compliance of restrictive measures in the Act should be examined under the WTO and the principle of non-discrimination treatment, and China should clarify the underlying logic and operation mechanism of US chip measures, export control, and foreign investment security review measures, and seek to use the international trade dispute settlement mechanism and China’s foreign countermeasures to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons.